Global observations of electromagnetic and particle energy flux for an event during northern winter with southward interplanetary magnetic field

The response of the polar ionosphere–thermosphere (I-T) system to electromagnetic (EM) energy input is fundamentally different to that from particle precipitation.To understand the I-T response to polar energy input one must know the intensities and spatial distributions of both EM and precipitation energy deposition.Moreover, since individua

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Contradictions regarding teaching and writing (or writing to learn) in the disciplines: What we have learned in the USA

This article describes a tradition of Anglophone North American higher education (HE) research concerning the role of writing in learning and development.The research tradition is associated with a forty-year-old education reform movement called Writing Across the Curriculum (WAC) or Writing in the Disciplines (WID).The movement encourages teachers

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